Natural Sources of Organic Compounds

Significance:
 Natural sources of Organic Compounds are 4 in number.
4)Plants.
Explanation:

• The Bituminous or soft coal is a very important source of organic compounds .Destructive distillation of this produces important industrial products in the absence of  Oxygen.
• Products of Destructive Distillation can be shown by following chart.

• Various important fractions of the above products may be given as..

Coal Gas:
                            It is the main product which is used as a fuel,it consist of methane and Hydrogen gas which is an important fuel source.

Coal Tar:
             It is the source of 100 of organic compounds especially aromatic hydrocarbons.
It is found that fractional distillation of 100Kg of coal tar yields 1-2 Kg of Benzene.

Coke:
       Pure Carbon in the form of Coke is basically used as a reducing agent in the manufacturing of iron and steel industry.
 

Catenation
Definition: 
 " The ability of an element to bond it self with it's own atom is called Catenation" 

The word Catenation is a Greek word which means
" To Link Together" 
 Explanation:
1)  In earth crust carbon is present in very small quantity i.e only 0.027%.
2) But millions of organic compounds are known because of the ability of carbon to bond itself with its own atoms to form long chains, branched ,rings and compounds with the chains and rings together.

3) Due to this unique property of carbon a vast number of organic compounds are prepared over a short span of time and these compounds are studied separately from inorganic compounds. 
4) Other elements also exhibit the property of catenation but carbon does it to a greater extent.
5) Silicon has the same tendency to catenate as  in the form of silicates but it is insignificant as compared to the catenation ability of carbon.

Tetra-Valency of  Carbon

Introduction:

 Hund's Rule

Hund's Rule state that :

" If degenerated orbital are available for an electron the electrons fills individually and possess same spin."

Modern Concept of Organic Compounds:


1) This theory was rejected in 19th century by the experimental observations of a young German Chemist ' WOHLER' in 1828.



2) He accidentally prepared 'UREA' an organic material from inorganic material Ammonium Cyanate by boiling it with water.

3)Urea is a waste product of metabolism and it is excreted through urine and hence it is a typical organic compound.
4)Now -a-days many organic compounds are made from inorganic compounds material.
For Example
Rubber was first isolated in the form of of latex from rubber plant but today rubber is manufactured from synthetic material.
5) However, Oxides of carbon e.g. CO,CO2 , Carbonates,Bicarbonates,Cyanides and are not included in these compounds.
6)The elements other than Carbon present in organic compounds are H,O,N,S,P,CL,Br,I and certain metals

Old Concept of Organic Compounds

1) In old days it was considered that Organic compounds can only be obtained from plants or animal sources and cannot be prepared in the laboratory.
2) It was thought that a Vital force was required for their production . Hence, the theory was regarded as " Vital Force Theory".

Organic Compounds
Definition:
" Organic compounds are also known as Hydrocarbons  in which Carbon and Hydrogen are present as an essential elements and consist of carbon and Hydrogen bonds"